爱国爱港、爱国爱澳核心价值
the core values of loving the country, loving Hong Kong, and loving Macao
...
爱国统一战线
patriotic united front
...
爱国卫生运动
(extensive) public health campaigns
...
“爱国者治港”“爱国者治澳”原则
1) the principle that Hong Kong and Macao should be administered by patriots; 2) the principle of patriots administering Hong Kong and Macao
...
安全共同体
community of security (for all)
...
按劳分配
1) distribution according to work; 2) “to each according to their work”
...
澳门历史城区
Historic Center of Macao
...
澳门／香港回归祖国
the return of Macao/Hong Kong to China
...
澳人治澳
the people of Macao administer Macao
...
把权力关进制度的笼子
confine/restrain power in an institutional cage
...
北伐战争
Northern Expedition
...
本位主义
a silo mentality
...
不敢腐、不能腐、不想腐
1) (ensure that officials) do not have the audacity, the opportunity, or the desire to engage in corruption; 2) (ensure that officials) dare not, cannot, and will not engage in corruption
...
不结盟运动
Non-Aligned Movement
...
“不忘初心、牢记使命”
remain/stay true to our original aspiration and founding mission
...
“不忘初心牢记使命”主题教育
Aspiration and Mission education campaign
...
不走改旗易帜的邪路
1) never abandon our socialist system 2) veer off course by changing our nature or abandoning our system
...
财税金融政策
fiscal, taxation and financial policies
...
城乡居民基本养老保险
basic old-age pension (scheme) for rural and non-working urban residents
...
城乡区域发展差距
development gaps between urban and rural areas and between regions
...
城镇职工基本养老保险
basic old-age pension (scheme) for urban employees
...
初次分配、再分配、（第）三次分配
(primary) distribution, redistribution, and third distribution
...
创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的（新）发展理念
(new) vision of innovative, coordinated, green, open and shared development
...
创新发展
innovation-driven development
...
（跻身）创新型国家行列
1) join the ranks of global innovators 2) join the ranks of the world’s innovators
...
（进入）创新型国家前列
become a global leader in innovation
...
从严治军
govern the military with strict discipline
...
促进贸易和投资自由化便利化
promote trade and investment liberalization and facilitation
...
大道之行，天下为公
1) When the Great Way rules, the land under Heaven belongs to the people.; 2) A just cause should be pursued for the common good.
...
大国工匠
master technicians
...
“大金砖合作”
greater BRICS cooperation
...
大科学工程
Big Science project
...
大科学装置
Big Science facilities
...
当代中国马克思主义、二十一世纪马克思主义
Marxism in contemporary China and the 21st century
...
党的基本理论、基本路线、基本方略
the CPC’s/Party’s underlying theories, basic guidelines, and fundamental principles
...
党的建设
1) strengthen the Party; 2) Party development
...
党的建设新的伟大工程
1) the great new project of strengthening the Party; 2) this great project of Party development
...
党的领导
1) CPC/Party leadership; 2) the CPC’s/Party’s leadership
...
党的民族工作
1) our Party’s/the Party’s/the CPC’s work on ethnic affairs; 2) our work on ethnic affairs（反复出现时简称）
...
党的民族工作主线
the focus of our Party’s/the CPC’s work on ethnic affairs
...
党的全面领导
1) overall CPC/Party leadership; 2) the Party’s overall leadership; 3) overall leadership by the Party
...
党的群众路线
the CPC’s/Party’s mass line
...
党的群众路线教育实践活动
education campaign on the CPC’s/Party’s mass line
...
党的先进性和纯洁性
the CPC’s/Party’s progressive and wholesome nature
...
党的政治领导力、思想引领力、群众组织力、社会号召力
the CPC’s/Party’s ability to provide political leadership and theoretical guidance, and to organize and inspire the people
...
党的政治路线
1) the CPC’s/Party’s political guidelines 2) the CPC’s/Party’s political line
...
党风廉政建设
improve Party conduct and promote integrity
...
党和国家机构
Party and state institutions
...
《党和国家机构改革方案》
Plan for Reform of Party and State Institutions
...
党和国家机关
(central) Party and government departments
...
党史学习教育
education campaign on CPC history
...
党外人士
prominent non-CPC individuals
...
党在新时代的强军目标（建设一支听党指挥、能打胜仗、作风优良的人民军队，把人民军队建设成为世界一流军队）
the CPC’s/Party’s goal of building a strong military in the new era (develop the people’s forces into world-class forces that obey the Party’s command, can fight and win, and maintain exemplary conduct）
...
党委（党组）
Party committees and Party leadership groups
...
党政机关
Party and government institutions/agencies/bodies
...
道路、制度、旗帜、方向
socialist path, system and direction
...
德智体美劳全面培养体系
systems for nurturing capable young people with sound moral grounding, intellectual ability, physical vigor, aesthetic sensibility, and work skills
...
邓小平理论
Deng Xiaoping Theory
...
（国际）顶尖科技人才
world-leading scientists and technological professionals
...
“东突”
the “East Turkistan”
...
东耶路撒冷
East Jerusalem
...
独立自主的和平外交政策
independent foreign policy of peace
...
对外工作
international engagement/foreign affairs
...
多边贸易体制
multilateral trading system
...
二十国集团领导人峰会
G20 Summit
...
2020年后全球生物多样性框架
the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework
...
法外开恩
leniency beyond the scope of the law
...
法制统一
maintain consistency in laws and regulations
...
法治
rule of law
...
法治大国、文明大国
a great civilization and a major country under the rule of law
...
法治国家、法治政府、法治社会一体建设
1) integrate the rule of law for the country, the government, and society; 2) take integrated steps to build a country, government, and society based on the rule of law
...
非公有制（经济）
1) non-public sector; 2) private sector
...
非共识创新
non-consensus innovation
...
非盟《2063年议程》
African Union’s Agenda 2063
...
枫桥经验
Fengqiao model
...
负面清单
negative list
...
改革开放综合实验平台
comprehensive pilot platforms for reform and opening up
...
港人治港
the people of Hong Kong administer Hong Kong
...
高标准国际经贸规则/国际高标准经贸规则
the most demanding international economic and trade rules
...
高标准惠民生可持续
make (Belt and Road cooperation) high-standard, people-centered and sustainable
...
高技能人才
highly skilled workers
...
高水平安全
1) a high level of security；; 2) high-standard security
...
高水平保护
high-standard environmental protection
...
高水平（对外）开放
high-standard opening up
...
高质量共建“一带一路”
high-quality Belt and Road cooperation
...
各级党委政法委
all committees of political and legal affairs under the Party committees
...
各级人大及其常委会
people’s congresses at all levels and their standing committees
...
个人主义、分散主义、自由主义、本位主义
egoism, fragmentation, disregard of rules, and the silo mentality
...
更高水平开放型经济
a higher-standard open economy
...
更高质量、更有效率、更加公平、更可持续、更为安全的发展
1) higher-quality development that is more efficient, equitable, sustainable and secure; 2) development of greater quality, efficiency, equity, sustainability and security
...
供给侧结构性改革
supply-side structural reform
...
共商共建共享的全球治理（观）
(vision of) global governance characterized by/based on extensive consultation and joint contribution for shared benefit
...
共商共建共享原则
1) principle of extensive consultation and joint contribution for shared benefit; 2) principle of planning together, building together, and benefiting together
...
共同、综合、合作、可持续的（全球）安全观
(global) vision of common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security
...
构建以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局
create a new/double development dynamic with the domestic economy as the mainstay and the domestic economy and international engagement providing mutual reinforcement
...
古田全军政治工作会议
Gutian Conference on Military Political Work
...
关于党的建设的重要思想
guidelines on strengthening the Party
...
关于党的自我革命的重要思想
guidelines on the Party’s self-reform
...
关于加强和改进民族工作的重要思想
guidelines on strengthening and improving the Party’s work on ethnic affairs
...
关于加强和改进人民政协工作的重要思想
guidelines on strengthening and improving the work of the CPPCC
...
关于坚持和完善人民代表大会制度的重要思想
guidelines on upholding and improving the people's congress system
...
关于做好新时代党的统一战线工作的重要思想
guidelines on the Party’s united front work in the new era
...
贯彻新时代党的强军思想，贯彻新时代军事战略方针
1) apply/implement the Party’s philosophy on strengthening the military and our military strategy for the new era 2) apply the Party’s philosophy on strengthening the military for the new era, follow/implement the military strategy for the new era
...
规则、规制、管理、标准等制度型开放
institutional opening up with regard to/in terms of rules, regulations, management and standards
...
国际大科学计划
international Big Science plans
...
国际反法西斯统一战线
1) international united front against fascism 2) international anti-fascist united front
...
国家实验室
national laboratories
...
国家战略规划体系
national strategic planning system
...
国家治理体系和治理能力现代化
modernize China’s system and capacity for governance
...
国家重大战略需求
1) China’s strategic needs; 2) our country’s major strategic needs
...
（中国的）国体政体
(China’s) forms of state and government
...
国土不可分、国家不可乱、民族不可散、文明不可断
committed to territorial integrity, national stability, ethnic unity, and continuity of the Chinese civilization
...
国务院新闻办公室
State Council Information Office
...
（建设）海洋强国
1) build China into a maritime powerhouse; (首选) 2) build China into a strong maritime country
...
和平发展道路
path of peaceful development
...
和平共处、总体稳定、均衡发展的大国关系格局
major-country dynamics characterized by peaceful coexistence, overall stability, and balanced development
...
“和平统一、一国两制”基本方针
basic policies of peaceful reunification and One Country, Two Systems
...
核安全
nuclear safety (and security)
...
核与辐射安全
nuclear and radiation safety
...
“黑天鹅”事件
“black swan” events
...
横琴粤港深度合作区
Guangdong-Macao In-Depth Cooperation Zone in Hengqin
...
互利共赢的开放战略
mutually beneficial strategy of opening up
...
互嵌式社会结构和社区环境、互嵌式社区
1) an ethnically integrated society and such neighborhoods; 2) ethnically integrated neighborhoods;
...
“灰犀牛”事件
“gray rhino” events
...
获得感、幸福感、安全感
sense of gain, fulfillment and security
...
基本国策
1) basic state policy 2) fundamental national policy
...
基本经济/政治制度
basic economic/political system
...
基本养老保险
basic old-age pension schemes
...
基层（军队语境中）
primary-level units
...
基层群众自治机制
mechanisms for community-level self-governance
...
基层“三保”工作（保基本民生、保工资、保运转）
ensure governments at the primary level have the resources they need to meet the people's basic living needs, pay salaries, and maintain normal government functions
...
基础研究
basic/fundamental research
...
集团政治
bloc politics
...
技术路线
technology roadmaps
...
加强党的政治建设
reinforce our Party’s political foundations
...
坚持党的领导、人民当家作主、依法治国有机统一
1) uphold the unity of CPC/Party leadership, the people’s position as masters of the country and law-based governance; 2) ensure that the Party’s leadership, the people’s position as masters of the country, and law-based governance form an indivisible wh
...
坚持党对一切工作的领导
1) ensure Party leadership over all work; 2) uphold leadership by the Party in all our endeavors
...
坚持陆海统筹、河海联动，持续推进重点海域综合治理。
continue with comprehensive conservation in key coastal waters by launching concerted source-to-sea initiatives
...
坚持马克思主义在意识形态领域指导地位
1) uphold the guiding position of Marxism in the ideological field; 2) ensure that Marxism guides all our ideological work
...
坚持正确的方向、正确的理论、正确的道路不动摇
remain committed to our direction, our theory, and our path
...
坚持正确义利观
1) pursue the greater good and shared interests; 2) take the right approach to friendship and interests
...
坚决维护党中央权威和集中统一领导
(firmly) uphold the authority of the CPC Central Committee and its centralized, unified leadership
...
监察机关、审判机关、检察机关
supervisory, adjudicatory and procuratorial offices
...
监督执纪“四种形态”： 监督执纪"四种形态"，指经常开展批评和自 我批评，及时进行谈话提醒、批评教育、责令 检查、诫勉，让"红红脸、出出汗"成为常态； 党纪轻处分、组织调整成为违纪处理的大多 数；党纪重处分、重大职务调整的成为少数； 严重违纪涉嫌犯罪追究刑事责任的成为极 少数。
four forms of disciplinary oversight and enforcement: The four forms are: (1) regular criticism and self-criticism sessions, and timely cautions, admonitions and warnings, obligatory corrections, and reprimands, to make those who have committed minor tran
...
建军一百年奋斗目标
(to achieve/meet) the centenary goal of the People’s Liberation Army (by 2027)
...
建设（社会主义）文化强国
1) build China into a cultural powerhouse（首选）; 2) develop a thriving (socialist) culture in China; 3) build China into a country with a thriving (socialist) culture
...
建设中国特色、中国风格、中国气派的哲学社会科学
develop our philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics, style and ethos
...
脚力、眼力、脑力、笔力
(They should) have the will to get down to the grassroots, and improve their ability to observe clearly, think profoundly and write powerfully
...
（建设）教育强国
build China into an education powerhouse
...
1）结伴不结盟、对话不对抗（SCO）
1) create a new model based on partnership and dialogue, rather than alliance or confrontation (SCO);
...
2）对话不对抗、结伴不结盟（ASEAN）
2) pursue dialogue instead of confrontation, build partnerships instead of alliances (ASEAN)
...
3）对话不对抗、结伴不结盟（的伙伴关系）
3) (built partnerships on) dialogue rather than confrontation, and cooperation rather than alliance (SCO)
...
解放战争
War of Liberation
...
金砖国家工商论坛
BRICS Business Forum
...
金砖+
“BRICS Plus”
...
进行具有许多新的历史特点的伟大斗争
carry out the/our great struggle with many new features/challenges
...
经济实力、科技实力、综合国力
economic strength, scientific and technological strength/capabilities, and composite national strength
...
经济体制改革
economic structural reform
...
(学习贯彻落实)“精神”
1. (apply) guiding principles（侧重宏观层面的理解和把握，如历届党代会精神） 2. (implement) decisions（侧重学习并贯彻落实到具体工作中）
...
精神家园
1) spiritual home 2) (reinforce our commitment to) the communist ideals（坚守共产党人精神家园）
...
精神命脉
spiritual lifeblood
...
精神文明
1) cultural and ethical progress（精神文明单独出现时） 2) (material and) cultural-ethical progress（物质文明和精神文明一起出现时）
...
精准脱贫/脱贫
targeted poverty elimination/alleviation
...
纠治“五多”（会议多、活动多、文电多、工作组多、检查评比多）
reduce excessive meetings, events, documents, working groups, and inspection and rating activities
...
九二共识
1992 Consensus
...
举旗帜、聚民心、育新人、兴文化、展形象的使命任务
uphold socialism, rally public support, foster a new generation with sound values and ethics, develop Chinese culture, and build/present a positive image of China
...
（党中央）决策议事协调机构
decision-making, deliberative, and coordinating institutions
...
军事治理
1) governance over the military； 2) military governance（易误解为军事统治、军政府的统治，必须在确保没有歧义时方可使用）
...
开放包容、普遍适用的国际关系基本准则
open, inclusive, and universally applicable basic norms for international relations
...
扛起历史责任，展现历史主动，推动历史进步
shoulder our responsibility to the future, move forward with the times, and drive human progress
...
（建设）科技强国
1) build China into a sci-tech powerhouse；(首选) 2) build up China’s strength in science and technology； 3) build China into a country strong in science and technology
...
科教兴国战略
strategy for invigorating China through science and education
...
科学发展观
Scientific Outlook on Development
...
空中丝绸之路
Air Silk Road
...
跨里海国际运输走廊
trans-Caspian international transport corridor
...
昆明生物多样性基金
Kunming Biodiversity Fund
...
蓝天、碧水、净土保卫战
efforts to improve the quality of air, water and soil
...
劳动者、劳动资料、劳动对象
labor, means of labor, and subjects of labor
...
理论创新
1) theoretical innovation（指理论层面的创新，如新观点、框架或方法；侧重于创新思维时可译为innovative/new thinking）；; 2) innovative theories/new theories/theoretical innovations/innovations in theory/innovation in the Party’s theories（侧重于理论创新成果）
...
历史唯物主义
historical materialism
...
历史虚无主义
historical nihilism
...
历史证明、事实证明、历史和经验告诉我们
1) history/experience has taught us that...; 2) time and experience have shown that... 3) We know that…（事实证明）
...
历史周期率
(historical) cycle of rise and fall (of political power/dynasties)
...
立党立国、兴党兴国（的根本指导思想）
(fundamental ideology upon which) our Party and our country are founded and thrive
...
立党为公、执政为民
commitment/committed to serving the public good and exercising power in the interests of the people
...
联合国2030年可持续发展议程
(UN) 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
...
联合国生态系统恢复十年行动计划
the Action Plan for the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration
...
两不愁三保障：不愁吃、不愁穿，义务教育、基本医疗和住房安全有保障
Two Assurances and Three Guarantees: assurances of adequate food and clothing, and guarantees of access to compulsory education, basic medical services, and safe housing
...
“两步走”的战略安排
two-step strategic plan
...
两弹一星
China’s first atomic bomb, missile, and man-made satellite
...
“两高”项目：高耗能高排放项目
energy-intensive and high-emission projects
...
两个毫不动摇：毫不动摇地巩固和发展公有制经济，毫不动摇地鼓励、支持和引导非公有制经济发展
1) consolidate and develop the public sector and at the same time encourage, support and guide the development of the non-public sector 2) (commitments to) developing both the public and non-public sectors）
...
两个健康
the healthy development of the non-public sector and those working in it
...
两个结合：把马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合、同中华优秀传统文化相结合
Two Integrations: to integrate the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s realities and the best of its traditional culture
...
两个确立：确立习近平同志党中央的核心、全党的核心地位，确立习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的指导地位
Two Affirmations: the affirmation of Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole, and the affirmation of the guiding role of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era
...
两个维护：坚决维护习近平总书记党中央的核心、全党的核心地位，坚决维护以习近平同志为核心的党中央权威和集中统一领导
Two Upholds: uphold the core position of General Secretary Xi Jinping on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole, and uphold the authority and the centralized, unified leadership of the Central Committee with Xi Jinping at its core
...
两个务必：务必使同志们继续地保持谦虚、谨慎、不骄、不躁的作风，务必使同志们继续地保持艰苦奋斗的作风
Two Musts: The comrades must be taught to remain modest, prudent and free from arrogance and rashness in their style of work. The comrades must be taught to preserve the style of plain living and hard struggle.
...
“两个一百年”奋斗目标的历史交汇期
1) at a time when we have just achieved the First Centenary Goal and embarked on a journey towards the Second Goal; 2) a historic transition between the Two Centenary Goals
...
两国方案
two-state solution
...
"两新"组织（新经济组织、新社会组织）
new types of economic entities and social organizations
...
“留痕迹”
a focus on superficial performance to the neglect of real results
...
"留学中国"品牌
Study in China program
...
六保：保居民就业、保基本民生、保市场主体、保粮食能源安全、保产业链供应链稳定、保基层运转
guarantee the Six Priorities: jobs, daily living needs, the operation of market players, food and energy security, industrial and supply chains, and the smooth functioning of grassroots government
...
六个必须坚持
Six Musts
...
六个坚持
Six Principles
...
六稳：稳就业、稳金融、稳外贸、稳外资、稳投资、稳预期
stabilize the Six Fronts: employment, the financial system, foreign trade, inbound investment, domestic investment, and market expectations
...
鲁班工坊
Luban Workshops
...
绿色丝绸之路
green Silk Road
...
马克思主义基本原理
basic tenets of Marxism
...
马克思主义理论研究和建设工程
the project to study and develop Marxist theory
...
马克思主义民族理论
Marxist ethnic theories
...
马克思主义新闻观
Marxist view/perspective on the media
...
马克思主义宗教观
Marxist view/perspective on religion
...
毛泽东思想
Mao Zedong Thought
...
（建设）贸易强国
1) build China into a strong trading nation 2) make China a strong trading nation
...
美丽中国建设
1) build a beautiful China; 2) Beautiful China initiative
...
美丽中国先行区
Beautiful China pilot zones
...
民族区域自治制度
(system of) regional ethnic autonomy
...
铭记历史、缅怀先烈、珍爱和平、开创未来
remember history, honor fallen heroes, cherish peace, and create a better future
...
南北对话
North-South dialogue
...
南南合作
South-South cooperation
...
能工巧匠
outstanding craftspeople
...
能耗“双控”：能源消费强度和总量双控
dual control over the volume and intensity of energy use
...
逆周期调节
countercyclical regulation
...
农民的土地承包经营权、宅基地使用权、集体收益分配权
rights to contract and utilize farmland, to secure a residential plot, and to share earnings from collective operations
...
（建设）农业强国
1) build China into an agricultural powerhouse (首选); 2) build up/boost China’s strength in agriculture
...
欧亚经济联盟
Eurasian Economic Union (EEU)
...
平安中国建设
1) build a peaceful China; 2）Peaceful China initiative
...
平台企业
platform enterprises
...
“破四唯”（破除唯论文、唯职称、唯学历、唯奖项）
Four Overemphases (overemphasis on research papers, academic titles, educational backgrounds, and awards）
...
普惠包容的经济全球化
universally beneficial and inclusive economic globalization
...
普惠型养老服务
inclusive eldercare services
...
七个有之：搞任人唯亲、排斥异己的有之，搞团团伙伙、拉帮结派的有之，搞匿名诬告、制造谣言的有之，搞收买人心、拉动选票的有之，搞封官许愿、弹冠相庆的有之，搞自行其是、阳奉阴违的有之，搞尾大不掉、妄议中央的也有之
Seven Malpractices: practicing cronyism and sidelining those outside of their circle; ganging together to form self-serving factions; making anonymous and false allegations against others and generating rumors; buying support and votes; promising officia
...
气候变化南南合作基金
Climate Change South-South Cooperation Fund
...
**强国建设
1）build China into a ** powerhouse（首选） 2）build up/boost China’s strength in ** 3）(build China into) a country strong in **
...
强农惠农富农
boost/strengthen agriculture, benefit rural residents, and enrich rural areas
...
亲清（统一的新型）政商关系
a (new type of) cordial and clean relationship between government and business
...
《区域全面经济伙伴关系协定》
Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP)
...
全国统筹、节约优先、双轮驱动、内外畅通、防范风险
pool strengths nationwide, prioritize conservation, leverage the roles of the government and the market, coordinate our domestic and international efforts, and guard against risks
...
权力集中、资金密集、资源富集领域
sectors with a high concentration of power, funds and resources
...
全面从严治党体系
systems for full and rigorous internal Party governance
...
全面建成小康社会
1) achieve moderate prosperity in all respects throughout the country; 2) build a moderately prosperous society in all respects
...
全面抗战
total resistance
...
全面深化改革
1) adopt comprehensive measures to drive deeper reform; 2) drive deeper comprehensive/all-round reform; 3) (further) deepen comprehensive reform; 4) make comprehensive moves to further reform（“四个全面”中的译法）
...
《全面与进步跨太平洋伙伴关系协定》
the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP)
...
全民族抗战
1) the whole nation’s war of resistance 2) the whole-of-nation resistance against Japanese aggression
...
全球发展和南南合作基金
Global Development and South-South Cooperation Fund
...
全球公共卫生治理
global public health governance
...
全球南方
Global South
...
全要素生产率
total factor productivity
...
权利公平，机会公平，规则公平/权利平等，机会平等，规则平等
equal rights, equal opportunities, and fair rules for all
...
人才强国战略
1) strategy for building China into a talent powerhouse;（首选） 2) strategy for building a talent-strong country
...
人的全面发展
1）people’s well-rounded development; 2）well-rounded human/individual development 3）well-rounded development for all
...
人工智能安全
1) safety and security of artificial intelligence；; 2) safe and secure operation of artificial intelligence
...
人民代表大会制度
system of people’s congresses; people’s congress system
...
人民监督
the people’s scrutiny
...
人口高质量发展
high-quality population development
...
人民民主专政
people’s democratic dictatorship
...
人民团体
people's organizations
...
人民主体地位
the principal status/position of the people
...
人与自然和谐共生
1) harmony between humanity and nature; 2) harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature
...
融通中外的新概念、新范畴、新表述
(create) new concepts, domains and expressions that are accessible to an international audience
...
“三北”（西北、华北和东北）
northwest, north and northeast China
...
三大攻坚战：防范化解重大风险、精准脱贫、污染防治
the three critical battles against major risks, poverty, and pollution
...
“三定”规定
departmental regulations that define their functions, internal bodies, and staffing
...
“三个区分开来”: 要把干部在推进改革中因缺乏经验、先行先试出现的失误错误，同明知故犯的违纪违法行为区分开来；把尚无明确限制的探索性试验中的失误错误，同明令禁止后依然我行我素的违纪违法行为区分开来；把为推动发展的无意过失，同为谋取私利的违纪违法行为区分开来。
“three distinctions”: Distinctions should be made between the following cases: mistakes due to a lack of experience in pushing pilot reform programs, and deliberate violations of the law and Party discipline; mistakes due to trying out things not specific
...
“三个没有变” 指非公有制经济在我国经济社会发展中的地位和作用没有变，毫不动摇鼓励、支持、引导非公有制经济发展的方针政策没有变，致力于为非公有制经济发展营造良好环境和提供更多机会的方针政策没有变。
The status and role of the non-public sector in China's economic and social development have not changed, nor have our guidelines and policies of encouraging, supporting and guiding the growth of the sector and of devoting ourselves to creating a favorabl
...
“三股势力”（暴力恐怖势力、民族分裂势力、宗教极端势力）
1）the “three evil forces of terrorism, ethnic separatism, and religious extremism” (the “three evil forces”) 2）terrorism, separatism and extremism
...
三会一课：党员必须参加党员大会、党小组会和上党课，党支部要定期召开支部委员会会议
Three Meetings and One Lecture: Party members must attend Party branch meetings, Party group meetings, and Party lectures, and Party branches should hold regular committee meetings
...
三农：农业农村农民
agriculture, rural areas and rural people
...
三去一降一补：去产能、去库存、去杠杆、降成本、补短板
cut overcapacity, reduce excess inventory, deleverage, lower costs, and strengthen areas of weakness
...
三严三实：既严以修身、严以用权、严以律己，又谋事要实、创业要实、做人要实
Three Guidelines for Ethical Behavior and Three Basic Rules of Conduct: All officials should be strict with themselves in self-cultivation, in the exercise of power, and in self-discipline, and be earnest in their work when performing their duties, launch
...
三重一大
major issues, major projects, the appointment and removal of key officials, and the use of significant funds
...
扫黑除恶
(campaign against) criminal gangs and organized crime
...
沙地
sandy land(s)
...
山水林田湖草沙
mountains, waters, forests, farmlands, grasslands and deserts
...
陕甘宁边区
Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region
...
上海合作组织成员国元首理事会
Meeting of the Council of Heads of State of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization
...
上海合作组织命运共同体
an SCO community with a shared future
...
上海合作组织睦邻友好合作委员会
SCO Committee on Good-Neighborliness, Friendship and Cooperation
...
“上海精神”
Shanghai Spirit
...
社会革命
social transformation
...
社会工作
1) work in/related to societal affairs; 2) societal affairs（视语境简称）
...
社会信用体系
social credit system
...
社会主要矛盾已经转化为人民日益增长的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的发展之间的矛盾
The principal challenge facing Chinese society is the gap between imbalanced and insufficient development and the people’s growing expectation for a better life.
...
社会主义核心价值观
core socialist values
...
社会主义基本经济制度
basic socialist economic system
...
（确立）社会主义基本制度
(establish) socialism as China’s/our country’s basic system
...
社会主义民主
socialist democracy
...
社会主义先进文化
advanced socialist culture
...
社会主义现代化强国
great modern socialist country
...
涉外领域
foreign-related fields
...
生态扶贫
poverty alleviation by developing the eco-economy
...
生态保护修复投入机制
funding mechanisms for ecosystem protection and restoration
...
生态（保护）红线
1) red lines for ecological conservation; 2) ecological conservation red lines
...
生育支持政策体系
a policy system to boost birth rates
...
十个明确
10 clarifications
...
十三个方面成就
13 areas of achievement
...
十四个坚持
14 commitments
...
使发展成果更多更公平地惠及全体人民
ensure that development offers greater benefits to all the people in a fair way
...
世界百年（未有之大）变局加速演进
1) Global transformation on a scale unseen in a century is accelerating. 2) Change on a scale unseen in a century is accelerating across the world.
...
世界反法西斯战争
World Anti-Fascist War
...
（建设）世界科技强国
build China into a world leader in science and technology
...
世界之变、时代之变、历史之变正以前所未有的方式展开。
1）Our world, our times, and the course of history are experiencing unprecedented change. 2）Our world, our times, and the course of history are changing in ways like never before.
...
（更加）市场化、法治化、国际化（一流）营商环境
1) a market-oriented, law-based and internationalized business environment; 2) a (world-class) business environment that is market-oriented, law-based and internationalized
...
市场在资源配置中起决定性作用
The market plays the decisive role in resource allocation.
...
《数字经济和绿色发展国际经贸合作框架倡议》
Initiative on International Trade and Economic Cooperation Framework for Digital Economy and Green Development
...
《数字经济伙伴关系协定》
Digital Economy Partnership Agreement (DEPA)
...
数字丝绸之路
digital Silk Road
...
数字中国建设
build a digital China
...
双减
relieve students of excessive burdens from homework and off-campus tutoring during the compulsory education stage
...
双碳
dual carbon goals: (achieve/realize) peak carbon (dioxide) emissions and carbon neutrality（可简化为peak carbon and carbon neutrality）
...
“双一流”建设(建设中国特色、世界一流的大学和优势学科)
1) develop world-class universities and strong disciplines (with Chinese characteristics); 2) develop world-class universities and first-rate disciplines (with Chinese characteristics)
...
水、路、港、岸、产、城
waterways, highways, ports, shorelines, industries and cities
...
丝绸之路大学联盟
University Alliance of the Silk Road
...
（以和平合作、开放包容、互学互鉴、互利共赢为核心的）丝路精神
the Silk Road spirit (of peace and cooperation, openness and inclusiveness, mutual learning, and mutual benefit)
...
思想建党、政治建军原则
the principle of strengthening the Party and the armed forces/military with a sound political philosophy
...
思想自觉、政治自觉、行动自觉
keep in line/alignment with the Central Committee in thinking, action and political orientation
...
四大考验：执政考验、改革开放考验、市场经济考验、外部环境考验
Four Tests: tests of the capacity to exercise governance, carry out reform and opening up, develop the market economy, and respond to external developments
...
四风：形式主义、官僚主义、享乐主义、奢靡之风
Four Forms of Official Misconduct: form over substance, bureaucratism, hedonism, and extravagance
...
四个服从：党员个人服从党的组织，少数服从多数，下级组织服从上级组织，全党各个组织和全体党员服从党的全国代表大会和中央委员会
Four Principles of Deference: individual Party members defer to Party organizations, the minority defers to the majority, lower-level Party organizations defer to higher-level Party organizations, and all organizations and members of the Party defer to th
...
四个面向
target global sci-tech frontiers, serve the economy, meet major national needs, and strive to improve people's lives and health
...
四个意识：政治意识、大局意识、核心意识、看齐意识
Four Consciousnesses: to maintain our political commitment, think in terms of the general picture, follow the leadership core, and act in accordance with the requirements of the CPC Central Committee
...
四个自信：中国特色社会主义道路自信、理论自信、制度自信、文化自信
Four-sphere Confidence: confidence in the path, theory, system and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics
...
"四史"（中国共产党史、新中国史、改革开放史、社会主义发展史）
history of the Party/CPC, (of) the People's Republic of China/PRC, (of) reform and opening up, and (of) the development of socialism
...
四种危险：精神懈怠危险、能力不足危险、脱离群众危险、消极腐败危险
Four Risks: lack of drive, incompetence, disengagement from the people, and inaction and corruption
...
“台独”（活动）
1) “Taiwan independence”； 2) moves/activities to separate Taiwan from China； 3) secessionist/separatist attempts to divide/split the country
...
“台独”分裂势力/分子
1) “Taiwan independence” secessionist forces; 2) separatist forces/elements (seeking “Taiwan independence”)
...
台湾问题
the Taiwan question
...
碳汇能力
carbon sink capacity
...
碳排放总量和强度“双控”
dual control over the volume and intensity of carbon emissions
...
碳中和
reach (the goal of) carbon neutrality
...
特困、低保、高龄、失能老年人
those elderly who subsist on government support in part of in full, who are of advanced age, and who suffer from functional impairments
...
（建设）体育强国
1) build China into a sporting powerhouse; (首选) 2) become a leading country in sports; 3) build China into a strong sporting nation/a country strong in sports
...
听党指挥、能打胜仗、作风优良（的人民军队）
(a people’s military that) obeys the Party’s command, can fight and win, and maintains exemplary conduct
...
统筹立改废释纂
1) take coordinated steps to enact, revise, abolish, interpret and codify laws; 2) coordinate the enactment, revision, abolition, interpretation and codification of laws
...
土地革命战争
Agrarian Revolutionary War
...
土地经营权
land use right
...
外防输入、内防反弹
prevent both inbound cases and domestic resurgence
...
完整、准确、全面贯彻新发展理念
1) apply/implement the new development philosophy in full, to the letter, and in all fields; 2） fully, accurately and faithfully apply the new development philosophy
...
为人民所喜爱、所认同、所拥有的理论
1）theories that they like, accept and adopt 2) theories are welcomed, recognized and adopted by the people
...
伟大斗争、伟大工程、伟大事业、伟大梦想
the great struggle, the great project, the great cause, and the great dream
...
伟大建党精神
the great founding spirit of the Party
...
伟大抗战精神
the great spirit of the War of Resistance (Against Japanese Aggression)
...
文化软实力
cultural soft power
...
“文化丝路”计划
Cultural Silk Road program
...
无党派人士
prominent individuals without party affiliation
...
无废城市
zero-waste cities
...
五个必须：必须维护党中央权威，在任何时候任何情况下都必须在思想上政治上行动上同党中央保持高度一致；必须维护党的团结，坚持五湖四海，团结一切忠实于党的同志；必须遵循组织程序，重大问题该请示的请示，该汇报的汇报，不允许超越权限办事；必须服从组织决定，决不允许搞非组织活动，不得违背组织决定；必须管好亲属和身边工作人员，不得默许他们利用特殊身份谋取非法利益
Five Musts: to uphold the authority of the Central Committee and make sure that Party members and officials all keep in line with the Party’s central leadership in thinking, action and political orientation; to safeguard the unity of the Party and unite w
...
西藏自治区
Xizang Autonomous Region
...
习近平法治思想
Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law
...
习近平经济思想
Xi Jinping Thought on the Economy
...
习近平生态文明思想
Xi Jinping Thought on Eco-civilization
...
习近平外交思想
Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy
...
系统观念
systems thinking
...
现代化经济体系
modern economic system
...
（弘扬）宪法精神
(uphold) the letter and spirit of the Constitution
...
宪制秩序
constitutional order
...
“小而美”（民生/的优质民生）项目
1）small but effective projects (for improving people’s wellbeing) 2）small but effective public wellbeing programs
...
新安全格局
new security architecture
...
新产业新业态新模式
new industries and new business forms and models
...
新常态
new normal
...
新的社会阶层
New Social Groups
...
新理念新思想新要求
new vision, new thinking and new requirements
...
新理念新思想新战略
new visions, ideas and strategies
...
（中国新能源汽车、锂电池、光伏产品）“新三样”
“new trio” of new energy vehicles, lithium-ion batteries, and photovoltaic products
...
新时代党的强军思想
the CPC’s/Party’s philosophy on strengthening the military for the new era
...
新时代党的组织路线
the CPC’s/Party’s organizational guidelines/line for the new era
...
新时代中国特色社会主义
socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era
...
新时代中国特色社会主义法治思想
thought on the rule of law of socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era
...
新时代中国特色社会主义经济思想
thought on the economy of socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era
...
新时代中国特色社会主义生态文明思想
thought on eco-civilization of socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era
...
新时代中国特色社会主义思想
Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era
...
新时代中国特色社会主义外交思想
thought on diplomacy of socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era
...
新时代中国特色社会主义文化思想
thought on the culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era
...
新型城镇化战略
new urbanization strategy
...
新型国际关系
new form/model of international relations
...
新型举国体制
new system for mobilizing resources nationwide (to make key technological breakthroughs)
...
熊猫债
panda bonds
...
学史明理、学史增信、学史崇德、学史力行
1) study Party history to have a better understanding of our cause, firmer commitment to our ideals, higher standards of integrity, and greater determination to turn the lessons of history into concrete actions; 2) study Party history to generate underst
...
亚太命运共同体
Asia-Pacific community with a shared future
...
亚太经合组织工商领导人峰会
APEC CEO Summit
...
延安整风
Yan’an Rectification Movement
...
颜色革命
a color revolution/color revolutions
...
养老金融
pension finance
...
“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛
Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation (BRF)
...
“一带一路”绿色发展国际联盟
1) the Belt and Road Initiative International Green Development Coalition; 2) the BRI International Green Development Coalition
...
“一带一路”绿色投资原则
Green Investment Principles for the Belt and Road
...
“一带一路”沿线国家
countries along the Belt and Road
...
“一带一路”共建国家
1) Belt and Road partner/participating countries; 2) Belt and Road partners
...
一府一委两院
governments, supervision commissions, people’s courts, and people’s procuratorates
...
一个中国原则
one-China principle
...
“1+N”政策体系
“1+N” policy framework (for reaching peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality)
...
一流科技领军人才和创新团队
first-class/leading scientists and innovation teams
...
“一中心、一平台、一基地”
One Center, One Platform, One Base
...
“伊斯兰恐惧症”
Islamophobia
...
依法管网、依法办网、依法上网
regulate cyberspace, run internet operations, and use the internet in accordance with the law
...
依法治国
1) law-based governance; 2) rule of law（“四个全面”中“依法治国”的译法）
...
依法治国、依法执政、依法行政
law-based governance, exercise of state power, and government administration
...
以德治国
rule of virtue
...
以科学的态度对待科学、以真理的精神追求真理
approach Marxism with a scientific mindset and in the spirit of truth
...
引领力、凝聚力、塑造力、辐射力
to unite and inspire the people and to shape values and expand influence
...
用新时代中国特色社会主义思想凝心铸魂
1) arm/strengthen ourselves with the Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era; 2) enhance cohesion and forge the Party’s soul with the Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era
...
永远不变质、不变色、不变味
never betray its nature and mission; never change its nature, its conviction, or its character
...
优化区域开放布局
1) optimize the planning of regional opening up 2) better plan regional opening up
...
宅基地所有权、资格权、使用权
collective ownership, household entitlement and the right to a residential plot
...
战略科学家
science strategists
...
战略自信，战略定力，战略耐心
strategic confidence, resolve and patience
...
（展观）真实、立体、全面的中国
(present) an accurate, multidimensional and panoramic image of China
...
真正的多边主义
true multilateralism
...
正本清源
1) identify the root problems and address them thoroughly; 2) to clear up confusion and misunderstandings
...
正面宣传
1) send out positive messages; 2) provide positive/constructive (news) coverage
...
正确党史观
rational outlook on Party history
...
政策沟通、设施联通、贸易畅通、资金融通、民心相通（五通）
(promote) policy, infrastructure, trade, financial, and people-to-people connectivity (connectivity in five priority areas)
...
政法干部
those working in the fields of law, order and security
...
政法机关
agencies/departments involved in law, order and security
...
政治方向
political orientation/direction
...
政治纪律和政治规矩
political discipline and rules
...
制度创新
institutional innovation
...
制度集成
institutional integration
...
“治国必治边、治边先稳藏”的战略思想
strategy of prioritizing stability in Xizang in the governance of the border areas and the country as a whole
...
中阿命运共同体
China-Arab community with a shared future
...
《中阿全面合作规划纲要》
the Outline of the Comprehensive Cooperation Plan Between China and Arab States
...
中非携手推进现代化十大伙伴行动
ten partnership actions for modernization to expand China-Africa cooperation
...
中共中央办公厅
General Office of the CPC Central Committee
...
《中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的决定》
Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Driving Deeper Comprehensive Reform to Advance Chinese Modernization
...
中共中央宣传部
Publicity Department of the CPC Central Committee
...
中共中央组织部
Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee
...
中国-阿拉伯国家峰会
China-Arab States Summit
...
中国的革命、建设、改革
the revolution, construction and reform in China
...
中国工程院院士
member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering
...
中国工程院院士大会
General Assembly of the Members of the Chinese Academy of Engineering
...
《中国共产党纪律处分条例》
Regulations of the Communist Party of China on Disciplinary Action
...
中国共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商制度
1) system of multiparty cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the CPC; 2) system of CPC-led multiparty cooperation and political consultation
...
中国国际进口博览会
China International Import Expo (CIIE)
...
中国进出口银行
Export-Import Bank of China (简称：China Eximbank，缩写CEXIM)
...
中国精神、中国价值、中国力量
China’s spirit, values and strengths
...
中国科学院院士
member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
...
中国科学院院士大会
General Assembly of the Members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
...
中国—联合国和平与发展基金
China-UN Peace and Development Trust Fund
...
“中国旅行”
“China Travel”
...
（中华民族伟大复兴的）中国梦
Chinese Dream (of national rejuvenation)
...
中国人民抗日战争（抗日战争/抗战）
Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (1931-1945) (War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression/War of Resistance)
...
中国人权发展道路
Chinese path of human rights protection
...
中国特色反贫困理论
Chinese/China’s theory on fighting poverty
...
中国特色减贫道路
Chinese/China’s path to poverty reduction
...
中国特色社会主义法律体系
1) socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics; 2) Chinese/China’s socialist legal system
...
中国特色社会主义法治道路
1) path of socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics; 2) Chinese path of socialist rule of law
...
中国特色社会主义法治体系
1) system of socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics; 2) system of Chinese socialist rule of law
...
中国特色社会主义根本制度、基本制度、重要制度
1) the fundamental, basic and important systems of socialism with Chinese characteristics; 2) the fundamental, basic and important systems of Chinese socialism
...
中国特色社会主义规律
development dynamics of Chinese socialism
...
中国特色社会主义进入新时代
1) Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era. 2) We ushered in a new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
...
中国特色社会主义文化
1) socialist culture with Chinese characteristics; 2) China’s socialist culture
...
中国特色社会主义政治发展道路
1) path of socialist political progress with Chinese characteristics; 2) Chinese/China’s path of socialist political progress
...
中国哲学社会科学自主知识体系
China's knowledge system in philosophy and social sciences
...
中国之问、世界之问、人民之问、时代之问
questions concerning the present and future of China and its people and the wider world
...
中国-中亚峰会
China-Central Asia Summit
...
中国—中亚命运共同体
China-Central Asia community with a shared future
...
中国—中亚能源发展伙伴关系
a China-Central Asia energy development partnership
...
中国—中亚天然气管道D线
Line D of the China-Central Asia Gas Pipeline
...
“中国—中亚文化和旅游之都”评选活动
China-Central Asia Cultural and Tourism Capital program
...
中华民族独特的精神标识
distinctive/defining qualities of the Chinese nation
...
中华人民共和国国家监察委员会
National Commission of Supervision of the People’s Republic of China/National Commission of Supervision, PRC
...
中华文明探源工程
Chinese Civilization Origins Project
...
中华优秀传统文化
the best of traditional Chinese culture
...
中华优秀传统文化创造性转化、创新性发展
creative transformation and innovative development of the best of traditional Chinese culture
...
中哈原油管道
the China-Kazakhstan crude oil pipeline
...
中吉乌公路
China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan highway
...
中塔公路
China-Tajikistan expressway
...
中塔乌公路
China-Tajikistan-Uzbekistan highway
...
中小微企业
micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs)
...
中央八项规定
the central Party leadership’s Eight Rules on improving conduct
...
中央财经委员会
Central Commission for Financial and Economic Affairs
...
中央党的建设工作领导小组
Central Leading Group for Strengthening the Party
...
中央国家安全委员会
Central Commission for National Security
...
中央机构编制委员会办公室（中央编办）
State Commission Office of Public Sector Reform
...
中央全面依法治国委员会
Central Commission for Law-based Governance
...
中央银行制度
central banking system
...
重点生态功能区
key eco-environmental functional zones
...
主流思想舆论
mainstream opinion(s)
...
主权平等
sovereign equality
...
筑牢信仰之基、补足精神之钙、把稳思想之舵
reinforce one’s beliefs, convictions and commitment
...
专精特新企业
specialized enterprises that use advanced technologies to produce unique and innovative products
...
专门教育
corrective education
...
专项扶贫、行业扶贫、社会扶贫互为补充的大扶贫格局
a comprehensive setup for poverty alleviation in which government-sponsored projects, sector-specific programs, and societal assistance supplement each other
...
卓越工程师
outstanding engineers
...
资源要素
1) resources and production factors; 2) resources
...
自然保护地体系（以国家公园为主体、以自然保护区为基础、以各类自然公园为补充）
protected areas system (with national parks as the mainstay, supported by nature reserves, and supplemented by natural parks)
...
自我革命
self-reform
...
（党的）自我净化、自我完善、自我革新、自我提高
(the Party to) cleanse, improve, renew and temper itself
...
自由贸易区
free trade area
...
自由贸易试验区
pilot free trade zone(s)
...
综合国力
composite/overall national strength
...
组织生活
regular activities of Party organizations
...
最不发达国家
the least developed countries (LDCs)
...
最广泛、最真实、最管用的社会主义民主
most extensive, genuine and effective socialist democracy
...
“筑墙设垒”
(fences and) barriers
...
国之大者
1) the priorities of the country; 2) what matters most to the country; 3) the underlying interests of the country
...
和平共处五项原则
Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence
...
未来产业
future industries
...
树立和践行正确政绩观
1) (officials) understand what good performance means and act accordingly 2) (officials) develop a clear understanding of good performance and translate it into action
...
国际传播影响力、中华文化感召力、中国形象亲和力、中国话语说服力、国际舆论引导力
shape international public opinion and make our communication more effective, our culture more attractive, our image more positive, and our narrative more convincing
...
抗日民族统一战线
1) Chinese united front against Japanese aggression 2) national united front against Japanese aggression
...
周边外交
neighborhood diplomacy
...
习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想
Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era
...
“两个一百年”奋斗目标
Two Centenary Goals
...
“五位一体”总体布局：经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设、生态文明建设
Five-sphere Integrated Plan: to promote coordinated progress in the economic, political, cultural, social and eco-environmental fields
...
“四个全面”战略布局：全面建设社会主义现代化国家、全面深化改革、全面依法治国、全面从严治党
Four-pronged Comprehensive Strategy: to make comprehensive moves to build a modern socialist country, to further reform, to advance the rule of law, and to strengthen internal Party governance
...
中国式现代化
1) Chinese modernization; 2) Chinese path to modernization
...
高质量发展
high-quality development
...
绿水青山就是金山银山
Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets.
...
中国特色大国外交
1) major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics; 2) China's major-country diplomacy
...
“一带一路”倡议
Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)
...
底线思维
have a plan in place for worst-case scenarios
...
建设社会主义文化强国
develop a flourishing/thriving socialist culture in China / build China into a country with a thriving socialist culture
...
两个结合
integrate the basic/underlying tenets of Marxism with China’s realities and the best of its traditional culture
...
文化主体性
the identity of the Chinese culture
...
文化自信自强
1) cultural confidence and strength; 2) have confidence in our culture and continue to develop it
...
文化基因
cultural roots/traditions/heritage
...
外来文化本土化
adapt foreign cultures into the Chinese context / integrate foreign cultures with the Chinese culture
...
中华文明的五大突出特性：连续性、创新性、统一性、包容性、和平性
five defining characteristics of the Chinese civilization: continuity, creativity, unity, inclusiveness and peacefulness/non-confrontation / The Chinese civilization has five defining characteristics―it is uninterrupted, innovative, unified, inclusive and
...
中华民族现代文明
1) modern Chinese civilization; 2) the modern civilization of the Chinese nation
...
国家级文化产业示范园区
a national-level demonstration zone for the cultural industry
...
“愚公移山”精神
Perseverance can move mountains. / the spirit of the old man who moved mountains with persistence
...
坚定历史自信、把握时代大势、走好中国道路
1) boost confidence in our history, navigate the trends of the times, and follow the Chinese path; 2) take confidence from history, understand and respond to the trends of the times, and follow the Chinese path
...
文化惠民工程
1) cultural programs for public benefits; 2) public cultural programs
...
得民心者得天下，失民心者失天下
State power relies on the people’s support. / With popular support, one governs with legitimacy; with lack of popular support, one is deprived of legitimacy in governance. / Those who win the people’s hearts win the country, and those who lose the people’
...
山积而高，泽积而长
Converging with others builds a mountain range or creates a mighty river. / Hills amass to create a high mountain; streams converge to create a mighty river.
...
修身、齐家、治国、平天下
Practice self-cultivation, maintain family harmony, conduct good governance, and guarantee peace.
...
知者不惑，仁者不忧，勇者不惧
The wise are free from perplexity, the virtuous from anxiety, and the brave from fear.
...
满足人民群众多样化、多层次、多方面的精神文化需求
satisfy the people’s diverse, multilevel and multifaceted cultural needs / meet the broadest range of public needs in the cultural and intellectual sphere
...
增强国际话语权
1) amplify China’s voice on the international stage; 2) make China’s voice better heard
...
增强国家文化软实力
strengthen the country’s cultural soft power / build up/strengthen China’s cultural soft power
...
守正不守旧、尊古不复古
Stay on the right course without following the beaten track; respect traditions but not obsolete/outdated practices. / Uphold fine traditions but not/eschew obsolete practices, and respect ancient wisdom but not/eschew antiquated thinking.
...
全球文明倡议
Global Civilization Initiative
...
人类文明新形态
new model for human progress
...
中华民族共同体意识
1) sense of the Chinese nation as one community; 2) sense of (Chinese) national identity
...
中华文明多元一体格局
1) Chinese civilization with unity in diversity; 2) the hallmark of Chinese civilization: unity in diversity
...
守望相助
stand together in times of adversity / reach out to help each other
...
共商共建共享的全球治理观
the principle of achieving shared growth through consultation and collaboration in global governance / a vision of global governance to deliver benefits for all through consultation and collaboration
...
习近平强军思想
Xi Jinping Thought on Strengthening the Military
...
新时代军事战略方针
military strategy for the new era
...
强军目标
goal of building a strong military
...
中国特色强军之路
Chinese path to building a strong military
...
党对军队绝对领导
the CPC's absolute leadership over the military
...
听党指挥、能打胜仗、作风优良
1) obey the Party's command, can fight and win, and maintain exemplary conduct / 2) follow the Party, fight to win, and maintain good conduct
...
政治建军
1) strengthen the military's commitment to the CPC / 2) strengthen the military's political commitment
...
改革强军、科技强军、人才强军
strengthen the military through reform, science and technology, and talent development
...
依法治军
run the military in accordance with the law
...
建设巩固国防和强大军队
build a strong national defense and military
...
推进国防和军队现代化建设
1) modernize our national defense and armed forces / 2) advancethe modernizationof national defense andthemilitary
...
防御性国防政策
a national defense policy that is defensive in nature
...
体系作战能力
system of systems combat capability
...
实战化军事训练
realistic military training
...
战斗力
combat effectiveness/capabilities
...
聚焦备战打仗
focus on combat preparedness/readiness
...
以战领训
combat-oriented training
...
召之即来、来之能战、战之必胜
be ready to fight and fight to win
...
有灵魂、有本事、有血性、有品德的新时代革命军人
revolutionary service men and women in the new era with faith, competence, courage, and integrity
...
双拥工作
mutual support between civilian sectors and the military
...
新时代中国特色大国外交
major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics in the new era
...
周边外交
neighborhood diplomacy
...
构建和平共处、总体稳定、均衡发展的大国关系格局
build major-country dynamics characterized by peaceful coexistence, overall stability and balanced development
...
反对“筑墙设垒”、“脱钩断链”
oppose setting up fences and barriers, decoupling, and disrupting industrial and supply chains
...
摒弃“小圈子”
reject the attempt to create exclusive circles
...
建交精神
the spirit guiding the establishment of our diplomatic relations
...
建交初心
the goal set by our two countries when our diplomatic ties were forged / 2) the commitment we made when establishing diplomatic relations
...
以文明交流超越文明隔阂、文明互鉴超越文明冲突、文明共存超越文明优越
let cultural exchanges prevail over estrangement, mutual learning over clash, and inclusiveness over superiority
...
持久和平、普遍安全、共同繁荣、开放包容、清洁美丽的世界
an open, inclusive, clean and beautiful world of lasting peace, universal security, and shared prosperity
...
推动全球治理朝着更加公正合理的方向发展
work to make global governance more just and equitable
...
全球发展伙伴关系
1) a global development partnership; 2) global development partnerships
...
亲诚惠容
amity, sincerity, mutual benefit, and inclusiveness
...
睦邻、安邻、富邻
foster an amicable, secure and prosperous neighborhood
...
真实亲诚
sincerity, real results, amity, and good faith
...
正确义利观
1) pursue the greater good and shared interests / 2) take the right approach to friendship and interests
...
全球发展命运共同体
global community of development
...
人类卫生健康共同体
community of health for all
...
地球生命共同体
community of all life on Earth
...
共同、综合、合作、可持续的安全观
vision of common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security
...
和平、发展、公平、正义、民主、自由的全人类共同价值
humanity’s common values of peace, development, fairness, justice, democracy and freedom （单独出现“全人类共同价值”也可以译作common values of humanity）
...
体现大国担当
(1) shoulder China’s responsibility as a major country［用于仅涉及中国的语境］ (2) shoulder our responsibilities as major countries
...
坚决不走“国强必霸”的老路
We will never go down the beaten track of seeking hegemony with strength.
...
以和平合作、开放包容、互学互鉴、互利共赢为核心的丝路精神
the Silk Road spirit of peace and cooperation, openness and inclusiveness, mutual learning, and mutual benefit
...
世界之变、时代之变、历史之变正以前所未有的方式展开
Changes of the world, of our times, and of historical significance are unfolding like never before.
...
人民当家作主
1) The people are the masters of the country.; 2) the people’s status/position as masters of the country
...
实现高标准、惠民生、可持续目标
pursue high-standard, people-centered and sustainable cooperation
...
习近平文化思想
Xi Jinping Thought on Culture
...
中华文明的突出特性：连续性、创新性、统一性、包容性、和平性
1) (five) defining characteristics of the Chinese civilization: continuity, creativity, unity, inclusiveness and peacefulness; 2) The Chinese civilization has five defining characteristics – it is uninterrupted, innovative, unified, inclusive and peacefu
...
抓铁有痕、踏石留印
leave our mark in the steel we grasp and our print on the stone we tread
...
陆海内外联动、东西双向互济的开放格局
make new ground in opening China further through links running eastward and westward, across land and over sea
...
高水平科技自立自强
(achieve) greater strength and self-reliance in science and technology
...
第一个百年奋斗目标
First Centenary Goal
...
第二个百年奋斗目标
Second Centenary Goal
...
全球发展倡议
Global Development Initiative
...
全球安全倡议
Global Security Initiative (GSI)
...
统一战线
united front
...
江山就是人民,人民就是江山
The country is the people and the people are the country.
...
生态文明
1) eco-civilization; 2) eco-environmental progress 3) eco-environmental protection/conservation（生态文明建设）
...
总体国家安全观
holistic approach to national security
...
新型大国关系
new model of major-country relations
...
打铁必须自身硬
It takes a good blacksmith to forge good tools.
...
“老虎”“苍蝇”一起打
catch “tigers” as well as “flies” – to punish senior officials as well as junior ones guilty of corruption
...
守正创新
uphold fundamental principles and break new ground
...
政治判断力、政治领悟力、政治执行力
(strengthen our) political acumen, understanding, and capacity to deliver
...
京津冀协同发展
coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region
...
进入新发展阶段、贯彻新发展理念、构建新发展格局
enter a new development stage, implement the new development philosophy, and foster a new development dynamic
...
讲好中国故事
1) better present China to the world; 2) tell accurate and engaging stories of China to the world; 3) effectively communicate China’s message to the world
...
可信、可爱、可敬的中国形象
(present) China as a country worthy of friendship, trust and respect
...
小院高墙
“small yard, high fence”
...
“三个代表”重要思想
Theory of Three Represents
...
新质生产力
new quality productive forces
...
人类命运共同体
a community with a shared future for humanity
...
“一国两制”方针
the policy of One Country, Two Systems
...
马克思主义中国化时代化
to adapt Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of our/the times
...
宗教中国化
Religions in China should conform to China’s realities.
...
宣传思想文化工作
public communication and cultural work
...
以人民为中心的发展思想
people-centered philosophy of development
...
民主生活会
criticism and self-criticism meeting/session
...
民主党派
1) other political parties; 2) non-CPC political parties
...
军民融合发展战略
civil-military integration strategy
...
政教分离
separation of religion and government
...
新时代中国社会主要矛盾
principal challenge facing Chinese society in the new era
...
韬光养晦
keep a low profile
...
党性
commitment to the Party
...
中华民族伟大复兴
1) rejuvenation of the Chinese nation; 2) national rejuvenation
...
乡村振兴战略
rural revitalization strategy
...
全面从严治党
1) strengthen internal Party governance；; 2) (exercise) full and rigorous internal Party governance
...
全过程人民民主
whole-process people’s democracy
...
富强民主文明和谐美丽的社会主义现代化强国
a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious, and beautiful
...
中欧班列
China-Europe Railway Express
...
碳达峰
reach (the goal of) peak carbon (emissions)
...