爱国爱港、爱国爱澳核心价值
the core values of loving the country, loving Hong Kong, and loving Macao
...
爱国统一战线
patriotic united front
...
“爱国者治港”“爱国者治澳”原则
1) the principle that Hong Kong and Macao should be administered by patriots; 2) the principle of patriots administering Hong Kong and Macao
...
把权力关进制度的笼子
confine/restrain power in an institutional cage
...
北伐战争
Northern Expedition
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本位主义
a silo mentality
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不敢腐、不能腐、不想腐
1) (ensure that officials) do not have the audacity, the opportunity, or the desire to engage in corruption; 2) (ensure that officials) dare not, cannot, and will not engage in corruption
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“不忘初心、牢记使命”
remain/stay true to our original aspiration and founding mission
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“不忘初心牢记使命”主题教育
Aspiration and Mission education campaign
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不走改旗易帜的邪路
1) never abandon our socialist system 2) veer off course by changing our nature or abandoning our system
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从严治军
govern the military with strict discipline
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大道之行，天下为公
1) When the Great Way rules, the land under Heaven belongs to the people.; 2) A just cause should be pursued for the common good.
...
当代中国马克思主义、二十一世纪马克思主义
Marxism in contemporary China and the 21st century
...
党的基本理论、基本路线、基本方略
the CPC’s/Party’s underlying theories, basic guidelines, and fundamental principles
...
党的建设
1) strengthen the Party; 2) Party development
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党的建设新的伟大工程
1) the great new project of strengthening the Party; 2) this great project of Party development
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党的领导
1) CPC/Party leadership; 2) the CPC’s/Party’s leadership
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党的民族工作
1) our Party’s/the Party’s/the CPC’s work on ethnic affairs; 2) our work on ethnic affairs（反复出现时简称）
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党的民族工作主线
the focus of our Party’s/the CPC’s work on ethnic affairs
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党的全面领导
1) overall CPC/Party leadership; 2) the Party’s overall leadership; 3) overall leadership by the Party
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党的群众路线
the CPC’s/Party’s mass line
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党的群众路线教育实践活动
education campaign on the CPC’s/Party’s mass line
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党的先进性和纯洁性
the CPC’s/Party’s progressive and wholesome nature
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党的政治领导力、思想引领力、群众组织力、社会号召力
the CPC’s/Party’s ability to provide political leadership and theoretical guidance, and to organize and inspire the people
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党的政治路线
1) the CPC’s/Party’s political guidelines 2) the CPC’s/Party’s political line
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党风廉政建设
improve Party conduct and promote integrity
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党和国家机构
Party and state institutions
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《党和国家机构改革方案》
Plan for Reform of Party and State Institutions
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党和国家机关
(central) Party and government departments
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党史学习教育
education campaign on CPC history
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党外人士
prominent non-CPC individuals
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党在新时代的强军目标（建设一支听党指挥、能打胜仗、作风优良的人民军队，把人民军队建设成为世界一流军队）
the CPC’s/Party’s goal of building a strong military in the new era (develop the people’s forces into world-class forces that obey the Party’s command, can fight and win, and maintain exemplary conduct）
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党委（党组）
Party committees and Party leadership groups
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党政机关
Party and government institutions/agencies/bodies
...
道路、制度、旗帜、方向
socialist path, system and direction
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邓小平理论
Deng Xiaoping Theory
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“东突”
the “East Turkistan”
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法外开恩
leniency beyond the scope of the law
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法制统一
maintain consistency in laws and regulations
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法治
rule of law
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法治大国、文明大国
a great civilization and a major country under the rule of law
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法治国家、法治政府、法治社会一体建设
1) integrate the rule of law for the country, the government, and society; 2) take integrated steps to build a country, government, and society based on the rule of law
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枫桥经验
Fengqiao model
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各级党委政法委
all committees of political and legal affairs under the Party committees
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各级人大及其常委会
people’s congresses at all levels and their standing committees
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个人主义、分散主义、自由主义、本位主义
egoism, fragmentation, disregard of rules, and the silo mentality
...
古田全军政治工作会议
Gutian Conference on Military Political Work
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关于党的建设的重要思想
guidelines on strengthening the Party
...
关于党的自我革命的重要思想
guidelines on the Party’s self-reform
...
关于加强和改进民族工作的重要思想
guidelines on strengthening and improving the Party’s work on ethnic affairs
...
关于加强和改进人民政协工作的重要思想
guidelines on strengthening and improving the work of the CPPCC
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关于坚持和完善人民代表大会制度的重要思想
guidelines on upholding and improving the people's congress system
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关于做好新时代党的统一战线工作的重要思想
guidelines on the Party’s united front work in the new era
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贯彻新时代党的强军思想，贯彻新时代军事战略方针
1) apply/implement the Party’s philosophy on strengthening the military and our military strategy for the new era 2) apply the Party’s philosophy on strengthening the military for the new era, follow/implement the military strategy for the new era
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国家治理体系和治理能力现代化
modernize China’s system and capacity for governance
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（中国的）国体政体
(China’s) forms of state and government
...
国土不可分、国家不可乱、民族不可散、文明不可断
committed to territorial integrity, national stability, ethnic unity, and continuity of the Chinese civilization
...
国务院新闻办公室
State Council Information Office
...
获得感、幸福感、安全感
sense of gain, fulfillment and security
...
基本国策
1) basic state policy 2) fundamental national policy
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基本经济/政治制度
basic economic/political system
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基层（军队语境中）
primary-level units
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基层群众自治机制
mechanisms for community-level self-governance
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加强党的政治建设
reinforce our Party’s political foundations
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坚持党的领导、人民当家作主、依法治国有机统一
1) uphold the unity of CPC/Party leadership, the people’s position as masters of the country and law-based governance; 2) ensure that the Party’s leadership, the people’s position as masters of the country, and law-based governance form an indivisible wh
...
坚持党对一切工作的领导
1) ensure Party leadership over all work; 2) uphold leadership by the Party in all our endeavors
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坚持马克思主义在意识形态领域指导地位
1) uphold the guiding position of Marxism in the ideological field; 2) ensure that Marxism guides all our ideological work
...
坚持正确的方向、正确的理论、正确的道路不动摇
remain committed to our direction, our theory, and our path
...
坚决维护党中央权威和集中统一领导
(firmly) uphold the authority of the CPC Central Committee and its centralized, unified leadership
...
监察机关、审判机关、检察机关
supervisory, adjudicatory and procuratorial offices
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监督执纪“四种形态”： 监督执纪"四种形态"，指经常开展批评和自 我批评，及时进行谈话提醒、批评教育、责令 检查、诫勉，让"红红脸、出出汗"成为常态； 党纪轻处分、组织调整成为违纪处理的大多 数；党纪重处分、重大职务调整的成为少数； 严重违纪涉嫌犯罪追究刑事责任的成为极 少数。
four forms of disciplinary oversight and enforcement: The four forms are: (1) regular criticism and self-criticism sessions, and timely cautions, admonitions and warnings, obligatory corrections, and reprimands, to make those who have committed minor tran
...
建军一百年奋斗目标
(to achieve/meet) the centenary goal of the People’s Liberation Army (by 2027)
...
解放战争
War of Liberation
...
进行具有许多新的历史特点的伟大斗争
carry out the/our great struggle with many new features/challenges
...
九二共识
1992 Consensus
...
（党中央）决策议事协调机构
decision-making, deliberative, and coordinating institutions
...
军事治理
1) governance over the military； 2) military governance（易误解为军事统治、军政府的统治，必须在确保没有歧义时方可使用）
...
历史周期率
(historical) cycle of rise and fall (of political power/dynasties)
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立党立国、兴党兴国（的根本指导思想）
(fundamental ideology upon which) our Party and our country are founded and thrive
...
立党为公、执政为民
commitment/committed to serving the public good and exercising power in the interests of the people
...
“两步走”的战略安排
two-step strategic plan
...
两个确立：确立习近平同志党中央的核心、全党的核心地位，确立习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的指导地位
Two Affirmations: the affirmation of Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole, and the affirmation of the guiding role of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era
...
两个维护：坚决维护习近平总书记党中央的核心、全党的核心地位，坚决维护以习近平同志为核心的党中央权威和集中统一领导
Two Upholds: uphold the core position of General Secretary Xi Jinping on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole, and uphold the authority and the centralized, unified leadership of the Central Committee with Xi Jinping at its core
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两个务必：务必使同志们继续地保持谦虚、谨慎、不骄、不躁的作风，务必使同志们继续地保持艰苦奋斗的作风
Two Musts: The comrades must be taught to remain modest, prudent and free from arrogance and rashness in their style of work. The comrades must be taught to preserve the style of plain living and hard struggle.
...
“两个一百年”奋斗目标的历史交汇期
1) at a time when we have just achieved the First Centenary Goal and embarked on a journey towards the Second Goal; 2) a historic transition between the Two Centenary Goals
...
"两新"组织（新经济组织、新社会组织）
new types of economic entities and social organizations
...
“留痕迹”
a focus on superficial performance to the neglect of real results
...
六个必须坚持
Six Musts
...
六个坚持
Six Principles
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马克思主义新闻观
Marxist view/perspective on the media
...
马克思主义宗教观
Marxist view/perspective on religion
...
毛泽东思想
Mao Zedong Thought
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民族区域自治制度
(system of) regional ethnic autonomy
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平安中国建设
1) build a peaceful China; 2）Peaceful China initiative
...
七个有之：搞任人唯亲、排斥异己的有之，搞团团伙伙、拉帮结派的有之，搞匿名诬告、制造谣言的有之，搞收买人心、拉动选票的有之，搞封官许愿、弹冠相庆的有之，搞自行其是、阳奉阴违的有之，搞尾大不掉、妄议中央的也有之
Seven Malpractices: practicing cronyism and sidelining those outside of their circle; ganging together to form self-serving factions; making anonymous and false allegations against others and generating rumors; buying support and votes; promising officia
...
全面从严治党体系
systems for full and rigorous internal Party governance
...
全面建成小康社会
1) achieve moderate prosperity in all respects throughout the country; 2) build a moderately prosperous society in all respects
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全面抗战
total resistance
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全面深化改革
1) adopt comprehensive measures to drive deeper reform; 2) drive deeper comprehensive/all-round reform; 3) (further) deepen comprehensive reform; 4) make comprehensive moves to further reform（“四个全面”中的译法）
...
全民族抗战
1) the whole nation’s war of resistance 2) the whole-of-nation resistance against Japanese aggression
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权利公平，机会公平，规则公平/权利平等，机会平等，规则平等
equal rights, equal opportunities, and fair rules for all
...
人民代表大会制度
system of people’s congresses; people’s congress system
...
人民监督
the people’s scrutiny
...
人民民主专政
people’s democratic dictatorship
...
人民团体
people's organizations
...
人民主体地位
the principal status/position of the people
...
“三定”规定
departmental regulations that define their functions, internal bodies, and staffing
...
“三股势力”（暴力恐怖势力、民族分裂势力、宗教极端势力）
1）the “three evil forces of terrorism, ethnic separatism, and religious extremism” (the “three evil forces”) 2）terrorism, separatism and extremism
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三会一课：党员必须参加党员大会、党小组会和上党课，党支部要定期召开支部委员会会议
Three Meetings and One Lecture: Party members must attend Party branch meetings, Party group meetings, and Party lectures, and Party branches should hold regular committee meetings
...
三严三实：既严以修身、严以用权、严以律己，又谋事要实、创业要实、做人要实
Three Guidelines for Ethical Behavior and Three Basic Rules of Conduct: All officials should be strict with themselves in self-cultivation, in the exercise of power, and in self-discipline, and be earnest in their work when performing their duties, launch
...
三重一大
major issues, major projects, the appointment and removal of key officials, and the use of significant funds
...
扫黑除恶
(campaign against) criminal gangs and organized crime
...
陕甘宁边区
Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region
...
社会革命
social transformation
...
社会工作
1) work in/related to societal affairs; 2) societal affairs（视语境简称）
...
社会信用体系
social credit system
...
社会主要矛盾已经转化为人民日益增长的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的发展之间的矛盾
The principal challenge facing Chinese society is the gap between imbalanced and insufficient development and the people’s growing expectation for a better life.
...
社会主义核心价值观
core socialist values
...
（确立）社会主义基本制度
(establish) socialism as China’s/our country’s basic system
...
社会主义民主
socialist democracy
...
社会主义现代化强国
great modern socialist country
...
生育支持政策体系
a policy system to boost birth rates
...
十个明确
10 clarifications
...
十三个方面成就
13 areas of achievement
...
十四个坚持
14 commitments
...
使发展成果更多更公平地惠及全体人民
ensure that development offers greater benefits to all the people in a fair way
...
世界反法西斯战争
World Anti-Fascist War
...
思想自觉、政治自觉、行动自觉
keep in line/alignment with the Central Committee in thinking, action and political orientation
...
四大考验：执政考验、改革开放考验、市场经济考验、外部环境考验
Four Tests: tests of the capacity to exercise governance, carry out reform and opening up, develop the market economy, and respond to external developments
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四风：形式主义、官僚主义、享乐主义、奢靡之风
Four Forms of Official Misconduct: form over substance, bureaucratism, hedonism, and extravagance
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四个服从：党员个人服从党的组织，少数服从多数，下级组织服从上级组织，全党各个组织和全体党员服从党的全国代表大会和中央委员会
Four Principles of Deference: individual Party members defer to Party organizations, the minority defers to the majority, lower-level Party organizations defer to higher-level Party organizations, and all organizations and members of the Party defer to th
...
四个意识：政治意识、大局意识、核心意识、看齐意识
Four Consciousnesses: to maintain our political commitment, think in terms of the general picture, follow the leadership core, and act in accordance with the requirements of the CPC Central Committee
...
四个自信：中国特色社会主义道路自信、理论自信、制度自信、文化自信
Four-sphere Confidence: confidence in the path, theory, system and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics
...
"四史"（中国共产党史、新中国史、改革开放史、社会主义发展史）
history of the Party/CPC, (of) the People's Republic of China/PRC, (of) reform and opening up, and (of) the development of socialism
...
四种危险：精神懈怠危险、能力不足危险、脱离群众危险、消极腐败危险
Four Risks: lack of drive, incompetence, disengagement from the people, and inaction and corruption
...
“台独”（活动）
1) “Taiwan independence”； 2) moves/activities to separate Taiwan from China； 3) secessionist/separatist attempts to divide/split the country
...
“台独”分裂势力/分子
1) “Taiwan independence” secessionist forces; 2) separatist forces/elements (seeking “Taiwan independence”)
...
台湾问题
the Taiwan question
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特困、低保、高龄、失能老年人
those elderly who subsist on government support in part of in full, who are of advanced age, and who suffer from functional impairments
...
听党指挥、能打胜仗、作风优良（的人民军队）
(a people’s military that) obeys the Party’s command, can fight and win, and maintains exemplary conduct
...
统筹立改废释纂
1) take coordinated steps to enact, revise, abolish, interpret and codify laws; 2) coordinate the enactment, revision, abolition, interpretation and codification of laws
...
土地革命战争
Agrarian Revolutionary War
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为人民所喜爱、所认同、所拥有的理论
1）theories that they like, accept and adopt 2) theories are welcomed, recognized and adopted by the people
...
伟大斗争、伟大工程、伟大事业、伟大梦想
the great struggle, the great project, the great cause, and the great dream
...
伟大建党精神
the great founding spirit of the Party
...
伟大抗战精神
the great spirit of the War of Resistance (Against Japanese Aggression)
...
无党派人士
prominent individuals without party affiliation
...
无废城市
zero-waste cities
...
西藏自治区
Xizang Autonomous Region
...
现代化经济体系
modern economic system
...
（弘扬）宪法精神
(uphold) the letter and spirit of the Constitution
...
宪制秩序
constitutional order
...
新时代党的组织路线
the CPC’s/Party’s organizational guidelines/line for the new era
...
新时代中国特色社会主义
socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era
...
新时代中国特色社会主义法治思想
thought on the rule of law of socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era
...
延安整风
Yan’an Rectification Movement
...
颜色革命
a color revolution/color revolutions
...
一府一委两院
governments, supervision commissions, people’s courts, and people’s procuratorates
...
一个中国原则
one-China principle
...
依法管网、依法办网、依法上网
regulate cyberspace, run internet operations, and use the internet in accordance with the law
...
依法治国
1) law-based governance; 2) rule of law（“四个全面”中“依法治国”的译法）
...
依法治国、依法执政、依法行政
law-based governance, exercise of state power, and government administration
...
永远不变质、不变色、不变味
never betray its nature and mission; never change its nature, its conviction, or its character
...
（展观）真实、立体、全面的中国
(present) an accurate, multidimensional and panoramic image of China
...
政法干部
those working in the fields of law, order and security
...
政法机关
agencies/departments involved in law, order and security
...
政治方向
political orientation/direction
...
政治纪律和政治规矩
political discipline and rules
...
制度创新
institutional innovation
...
制度集成
institutional integration
...
“治国必治边、治边先稳藏”的战略思想
strategy of prioritizing stability in Xizang in the governance of the border areas and the country as a whole
...
中国共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商制度
1) system of multiparty cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the CPC; 2) system of CPC-led multiparty cooperation and political consultation
...
（中华民族伟大复兴的）中国梦
Chinese Dream (of national rejuvenation)
...
中国人民抗日战争（抗日战争/抗战）
Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (1931-1945) (War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression/War of Resistance)
...
中国人权发展道路
Chinese path of human rights protection
...
中国特色社会主义法律体系
1) socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics; 2) Chinese/China’s socialist legal system
...
中国特色社会主义法治道路
1) path of socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics; 2) Chinese path of socialist rule of law
...
中国特色社会主义法治体系
1) system of socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics; 2) system of Chinese socialist rule of law
...
中国特色社会主义根本制度、基本制度、重要制度
1) the fundamental, basic and important systems of socialism with Chinese characteristics; 2) the fundamental, basic and important systems of Chinese socialism
...
中国特色社会主义规律
development dynamics of Chinese socialism
...
中国特色社会主义进入新时代
1) Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era. 2) We ushered in a new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
...
中国特色社会主义政治发展道路
1) path of socialist political progress with Chinese characteristics; 2) Chinese/China’s path of socialist political progress
...
中华人民共和国国家监察委员会
National Commission of Supervision of the People’s Republic of China/National Commission of Supervision, PRC
...
中央八项规定
the central Party leadership’s Eight Rules on improving conduct
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中央党的建设工作领导小组
Central Leading Group for Strengthening the Party
...
中央国家安全委员会
Central Commission for National Security
...
中央机构编制委员会办公室（中央编办）
State Commission Office of Public Sector Reform
...
中央全面依法治国委员会
Central Commission for Law-based Governance
...
主权平等
sovereign equality
...
筑牢信仰之基、补足精神之钙、把稳思想之舵
reinforce one’s beliefs, convictions and commitment
...
专门教育
corrective education
...
自我革命
self-reform
...
（党的）自我净化、自我完善、自我革新、自我提高
(the Party to) cleanse, improve, renew and temper itself
...
综合国力
composite/overall national strength
...
组织生活
regular activities of Party organizations
...
最广泛、最真实、最管用的社会主义民主
most extensive, genuine and effective socialist democracy
...
国之大者
1) the priorities of the country; 2) what matters most to the country; 3) the underlying interests of the country
...
树立和践行正确政绩观
1) (officials) understand what good performance means and act accordingly 2) (officials) develop a clear understanding of good performance and translate it into action
...
“两个一百年”奋斗目标
Two Centenary Goals
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“四个全面”战略布局：全面建设社会主义现代化国家、全面深化改革、全面依法治国、全面从严治党
Four-pronged Comprehensive Strategy: to make comprehensive moves to build a modern socialist country, to further reform, to advance the rule of law, and to strengthen internal Party governance
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中国式现代化
1) Chinese modernization; 2) Chinese path to modernization
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底线思维
have a plan in place for worst-case scenarios
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坚定历史自信、把握时代大势、走好中国道路
1) boost confidence in our history, navigate the trends of the times, and follow the Chinese path; 2) take confidence from history, understand and respond to the trends of the times, and follow the Chinese path
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中华民族共同体意识
1) sense of the Chinese nation as one community; 2) sense of (Chinese) national identity
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人民当家作主
1) The people are the masters of the country.; 2) the people’s status/position as masters of the country
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抓铁有痕、踏石留印
leave our mark in the steel we grasp and our print on the stone we tread
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第一个百年奋斗目标
First Centenary Goal
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第二个百年奋斗目标
Second Centenary Goal
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统一战线
united front
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江山就是人民,人民就是江山
The country is the people and the people are the country.
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总体国家安全观
holistic approach to national security
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打铁必须自身硬
It takes a good blacksmith to forge good tools.
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“老虎”“苍蝇”一起打
catch “tigers” as well as “flies” – to punish senior officials as well as junior ones guilty of corruption
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守正创新
uphold fundamental principles and break new ground
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政治判断力、政治领悟力、政治执行力
(strengthen our) political acumen, understanding, and capacity to deliver
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“三个代表”重要思想
Theory of Three Represents
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“一国两制”方针
the policy of One Country, Two Systems
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以人民为中心的发展思想
people-centered philosophy of development
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民主生活会
criticism and self-criticism meeting/session
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民主党派
1) other political parties; 2) non-CPC political parties
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政教分离
separation of religion and government
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新时代中国社会主要矛盾
principal challenge facing Chinese society in the new era
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党性
commitment to the Party
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中华民族伟大复兴
1) rejuvenation of the Chinese nation; 2) national rejuvenation
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全面从严治党
1) strengthen internal Party governance；; 2) (exercise) full and rigorous internal Party governance
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全过程人民民主
whole-process people’s democracy
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富强民主文明和谐美丽的社会主义现代化强国
a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious, and beautiful
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